| Name |
Contradictory Destinations in Traffic Routing Schemes |
|
| Likelyhood of attack |
Typical severity |
| Medium |
High |
|
| Summary |
Adversaries can provide contradictory destinations when sending messages. Traffic is routed in networks using the domain names in various headers available at different levels of the OSI model. In a Content Delivery Network (CDN) multiple domains might be available, and if there are contradictory domain names provided it is possible to route traffic to an inappropriate destination. The technique, called Domain Fronting, involves using different domain names in the SNI field of the TLS header and the Host field of the HTTP header. An alternative technique, called Domainless Fronting, is similar, but the SNI field is left blank. |
| Prerequisites |
An adversary must be aware that their message will be routed using a CDN, and that both of the contradictory domains are served from that CDN. If the purpose of the Domain Fronting is to hide redirected C2 traffic, the C2 server must have been created in the CDN. |
| Solutions | Monitor connections, checking headers in traffic for contradictory domain names, or empty domain names. |
| Related Weaknesses |
|
CWE ID
|
Description
|
| CWE-923 |
Improper Restriction of Communication Channel to Intended Endpoints |
|
| Related CAPECS |
|
CAPEC ID
|
Description
|
| CAPEC-161 |
An attacker exploits characteristics of the infrastructure of a network entity in order to perpetrate attacks or information gathering on network objects or effect a change in the ordinary information flow between network objects. Most often, this involves manipulation of the routing of network messages so, instead of arriving at their proper destination, they are directed towards an entity of the attackers' choosing, usually a server controlled by the attacker. The victim is often unaware that their messages are not being processed correctly. For example, a targeted client may believe they are connecting to their own bank but, in fact, be connecting to a Pharming site controlled by the attacker which then collects the user's login information in order to hijack the actual bank account. |
|
| Taxonomy: ATTACK |
|
Entry ID
|
Entry Name
|
| 1090.004 |
Proxy:Domain Fronting |
|